Enhancement of Natural Convection Heat Transfer Using Magnetic Nanofluid in a Square Cavity

Researchers in heat transfer are paying close attention to nanofluids because of their potential as high-performance thermal transport media. In light natural convection's enormous significance, the addition nanoparticles significantly enhances thermophysical properties compared base fluid. this study, numerical work was used evaluate influence CuO on convection with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow a square cavity. The hollow's left and right vertical walls were maintained at different temperatures, top bottom cavity each insulated. This study applied horizontal magnetic field uniform strength. Results obtained for variety Hartmann numbers ranging from 0–300, Rayleigh going 2.76E+8 6.89E+8, solid volume fractions 0 1.5%. showed that coefficient Nusselt number values decreased increase number, except coefficients Ha=100 150 larger than Ha= 0. maximum enhancement 40.8% 1.5% concentration nanoparticles, Ra= 6.7E+8 water Ha=0. found be 28.5% At Ha=100, 56 %, rise 43 % Ha=100.